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Henry Ford was a farm boy with only a sixth
grade education, but he changed the world. As a young man he worked as
a machinist and became interested in combustion engines. He set out to
democratize the automobile by making a durable and affordable vehicle for
regular people. He did this by perfecting a highly efficient
production system to keep costs low while paying a high wage to his employees.
Ford figured that loyal employees were important and in addition he wanted
them to be able to afford his cars. The Model T was a great success with over
15 million produced from 1908 to 1927. It was one of the longest
production runs in the history of automobiles.
But even more striking, the price fell from
$1,000 for the first Model T produced to under $300 for the last one.
Ford had perfected the moving assembly line to bring the work to his workers
instead of the other way around. Henry's innovation enabled faster production
with less labor and lower cost.
The famous quote of Henry Ford saying that "You can
get a Model T in any color as long as it is black" was true but it
didn't mean Ford didn't care about his customers. In those days black
paint dried faster and didn't slow down the assembly line like other colors
would. Besides, black was the most durable paint.
Ford knew his customers wanted a good car at a low price more than they
wanted different colors.
In addition to the assembly line, Ford used
technology. He set up a mill to manufacture vanadium steel that was
three times as strong as regular steel. The improved steel enabled
critical parts of the Model T to be lighter weight and more durable.
Being a master machinist Ford established precision tolerances to assure
parts were interchangeable. That eliminated labor intensive
hand-fitting and sorting . By the end of the Model T production, Henry
Ford had accomplished his goal: the automobile was no longer a luxury
only available to the wealthy, it had become useful and affordable
transportation for the ordinary citizen. (After car paint was
improved, Ford did offer his Model T in different colors.)
  

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